WORDARIA

(Moses said) ‘O (The most magnanimous) Creator! Broaden my heart, make my job easy, and untie the knot of my tongue; so that they (people) may understand me.

(AL-QUR’AN)

Muhammad

Bilal Ashraf’s

WORDARIA

The disease

Whosoever suffers from,

Passes the tests

And exam

ATTENTION: Pondering over the isolated words, for hours, can cause serious psychological disorders and diseases like Insomnia and Depression; so, keep constantly in touch with any psychiatrist if the situation gets aggravated during the preparation. Moreover, it is advisable to look at the diction used in the genuine context

Key

  (WORD)  (Parts of speech)             (SYNONYMS)

Reprobate (n) (v) (adj)… miscreant, condemn, perverse

Frequent/ (here as noun)

A person without moral scruples

Less frequent/ (verb)

 Abandon to eternal damnation "God reprobated the unrepentant sinner"

Rare/ (adjective)

Deviating from what is considered moral, right, proper, or good "the reprobate conduct of a gambling aristocrat

section 1

1. Abate (v)…soften

. Make less active or intense

.  "The storm abated"

2. Alleviate (v)…ease

.  Provide physical relief, as from pain

.  Make easier

3. Bolster (n) (v)…support

.  A pillow that is often put across a bed underneath the regular pillows

.  Support and strengthen” bolster morale"

4. Capricious (adj)

Whimsical

.  Changeable

.  Determined by chance or impulse or whim rather than by necessity or

.   

5. Condone (v)…overlook

.  Excuse, overlook, or make allowances for; be lenient with “She condoned her husband's occasional infidelities"

6. Erudite (adj)…learned

.  Having or showing profound knowledge

.  "An erudite professor"

7. Elegy (n)…mourning

.  A mournful poem; a lament for the dead

8. Dismiss (v)…ignore

.  Bar from attention or consideration "She dismissed his advances"

.  Cease to consider; put out of judicial consideration "This case is dismissed!"

.  Stop associating with

.  End one's encounter with somebody by causing or permitting the  person to leave

.  Terminate the employment of

.   

9. Dissemble (v)…feign

.  Make believe with the intent to deceive

.  Hide under a false appearance

10. Disparate (adj)…different, varying

.  Fundamentally different or distinct in quality or kind "such disparate attractions as grand opera and game fishing”;” disparate ideas"

.  Including markedly dissimilar elements

.  "a disparate aggregate of creeds and songs and prayers"

11. Apathy (n)…abhorrence, disinterest

.  An absence of emotion or enthusiasm

.  The trait of lacking enthusiasm for or interest in things generally

12. Antipathy (n)…hate

.  A feeling of intense dislike

.  The object of a feeling of intense aversion; something to be avoided "cats were his greatest antipathy"

13. Shoal (n) moat

.  A sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide

.  A stretch of shallow water

.  A large group of fish

.  Make shallow

14. Diffuse (v)…scatter

.  Move outward

.  Cause to become widely known

.  Spread or diffuse through

.  Lacking conciseness

15. Acerbate (v)…embitter

.  Cause to be bitter or resentful

.  Make sour or bitter

16. Abnegate (v)…renounce, surrender

.  Deny oneself (something); restrain, especially from indulging in some pleasure

.  Surrender "The King abnegated his power to the ministers"

.  Deny or renounce "They abnegated their gods"

17. Elusive (adj) abstract,

.  Difficult to describe "a haunting elusive odour"

.  Skilful at eluding capture "a cabal of conspirators, each more elusive than the arch"

.  Be difficult to detect or grasp by the mind "that elusive thing the soul"

18. Cabal, Junto, clique, camarilla {(n)}

.  A group that seeks power usually through intrigue

19. Machinate (v)…plan, devise

.  Arrange by systematic planning and united effort "machinate a plot"

.  Engage in plotting or enter into a conspiracy, swear together

Devise (v)…appropriate, formulate

.  A will disposing of real property

.  (law) a gift of real property by will

.  Arrange by systematic planning and united effort "devise a plan to take over the director's office"

Ruminate (v) Think, regurgitate

.  Chew the cuds "cows ruminate"

.  Reflect deeply on a subject

Quid (n)…wad

.  The basic unit of money in the United Kingdom; equal to 100 pence

.  Something for something; that which a party receives (or is promised) Quid Pro Pro

.  A wad of something chewable as tobacco

Cram (v)…stuff

.  Crowd or pack to capacity

.  Put something somewhere so that the space is completely filled "cram books into the suitcase"

.  Study intensively, as before an exam

Regurgitate (v)…repeat, chew

.  Pour or rush back "The blood regurgitates into the heart ventricle"

.  Feed through the beak by regurgitating previously swallowed food "many birds feed their young by regurgitating what they have swallowed and carried to the nest"

.  Repeat after memorization

.  Eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth "The patient regurgitated the food we gave him last night"

Excogitate (v)…concentrate

.  Come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort "excogitate a way to measure the speed of light"

.  Reflect deeply on a subject "The scientist must stop to observe and start to excogitate"

Assuage (v)…lessen, satisfy

.  Cause to be more favourably inclined; gain the good will of

.  Satisfy (thirst)

.  Provide physical relief, as from pain

Extenuate (v)…ease, relieve

.  Lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of "The circumstances extenuate the crime"

Mitigate (v)…ease, relieve

.  Lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of

.  Make less severe or harsh "mitigating circumstances"

Aberrant (adj) Deviant

.  One whose behaviour departs substantially from the norm of a group

Abeyance (n)…suspension

.  Temporary cessation or suspension

Abscond (v)…run off

.  Run away; usually includes taking something or somebody along

Abstemious (n) (adj)…light,

.  Sparing in consumption of especially food and drink "the pleasures of the table, never of much consequence to on naturally abstemious"

.  Marked by temperance in indulgence "abstemious meals"

Alacrity (n)…liveliness

.  Liveliness and eagerness "he accepted with alacrity"

Ambivalence (n)…conflict

.  Mixed feelings or emotions

Ameliorate (v)…improve

.  To make better

.  Get better

Anachronism (n)…misdating, mistiming

.  Something located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred

.  An artifact that belongs to another time

.  A person who seems to be displaced in time; who belongs to another age

Anomalous (adj)…abnormal

.  Deviating from the general or common order or type "advanced forms of life may be anomalous in the universe"

Approbation (n)…consent

.  Official approval

Appropriate (v)…capture, reserve (money)

.  Give or assign a share of money or time to a particular person or cause

.  Take possession of by force, as after an invasion

Arduous (adj)…laborious

.  Characterized by toilsome effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort "worked their arduous way up the mining valley"

Artless (adj)…ingenuous, uncultured

.  Characterized by an inability to mask your feelings; not devious

.  Simple and natural; without cunning or deceit "an artless manner"; "artless elegance"

Ascetic (n) (adj)…abstainer, Spartan, austere

.  Practices self denial as spiritual discipline

.  Practising great self-denial "Be systematically ascetic...do...something for no other reason than that you would rather not do it"

Assiduous (adj)…careful, sedulous

.  Marked by care and persistent effort "her assiduous attempts to learn French"; "assiduous research"

Attenuate (v)…fade weaken

.  Weaken the consistency of (a chemical substance)

.  Become weaker, in strength, value, or magnitude

Audacious (adj)…bold, intrepid

.  Invulnerable to fear or intimidation "audacious explorers"

.  Unrestrained by convention or propriety "an audacious trick to pull"

Austere (adj)…ascetic, Spartan

.  Of a stern or strict bearing or demeanour; forbidding in aspect "an austere expression"

.  Practising great self-denial "a desert nomad's austere life"

Banal (n) (adj)…hackneyed, commonplace

.  Obvious and dull

.  Repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse

Belie (v)…contradict, misrepresent

.  Be in contradiction with

.  Represent falsely

Bombastic (adj)…turgid, lofty

Boorish (adj)…loutish, coarse (man)

.  Ill-mannered and coarse and contemptible in behaviour or appearance "was boorish and insensitive"

Burgeon (v)…grow

.  Grow and flourish

.  "The burgeoning administration"; "The burgeoning population"

Burnish (n) (v)…Gloss, polish

.  The property of being smooth and shiny

.  Polish and make shiny

Buttress (n) (v)

.  A support usually of stone or brick; supports the wall of a building

.  Reinforce with a buttress "Buttress the church"

.  Make stronger or defensible "buttress your thesis"

Cacophonous (adj)…noisy

.  Having an unpleasant sound "as cacophonous as a henyard"

Castigation (n)…upbraid, reproach

.  A severe scolding

.  Verbal punishment

Caustic (adj)…acerbic, bitter

.  Any chemical substance that burns or destroys living tissue

.  Harsh or corrosive in tone "caustic jokes about political assassination, talk-show hosts and medical ethics"

Chicanery (n)…guile, trickery, wile

.  The use of tricks to deceive someone (usually to extract money from them)

Coagulate (v)…clot, grumous

.  Change from a liquid to a thickened or solid state "coagulated blood"

.  Transformed from a liquid into a soft semisolid or solid mass

Coda (n)…finale

.  The closing section of a musical composition

Cogent (adj)…potent

.  Having the power to influence or convince "a cogent analysis of the problem"

.  Powerfully persuasive "a cogent argument"

SECTION 2

Commensurate (v)…proportionate

.  Corresponding in size, degree, or extent "pay should be commensurate with the time worked"

Compendium (n)…collection

.  A publication containing a variety of works

.  A concise but comprehensive summary of a larger work

Complaisant (adj)…obliging

.  Showing a cheerful willingness to do favours for others "to close one's eyes like a complaisant husband whose wife has taken a lover"

Compliant (adj)…acquiescent, meek

.  Disposed or willing to comply "children compliant with the parental will"

.  Evidencing little spirit or courage; overly submissive or compliant

Conciliatory (adj)…compromising

.  Making or willing to make concessions

.  Overcoming animosity or hostility "a conciliatory visit"

Condone (v)…excuse

.  Excuse, overlook, or make allowances for; be lenient with "She condoned her husband's occasional infidelities"

Confound (v) (adj)…confuse

.  Be confusing or perplexing to; cause to be unable to think clearly

.  Mistake one thing for another

Connoisseur (n)…cognoscenti

.  An expert able to appreciate a field; especially in the fine arts

Contention (n)…controversy

.  A point asserted as part of an argument

.  A contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement

.  The act of competing as for profit or a prize "the teams were in fierce contention for first place"

Contrite (v) (n)…remorse, repent

.  Feeling or expressing pain or sorrow for sins or offences

.  Feeling regret for a fault or offence

Conundrum (n)…enigma, riddle

.  A difficult problem

Converge (v)…meet

.  Be adjacent or come together "The lines converge at this point"

.  Come together so as to form a single product "Social forces converged to bring the Fascists back to power"

Convoluted (adj)…coiled, complicated

.  Rolled or coiled together "a convoluted shell"

.  Highly involved or intricate "convoluted legal language"; "convoluted reasoning"

Convolute (v)…twist, pervert

.  Curl, wind, or twist together

.  Practice sophistry; change the meaning of or be vague about in order to mislead or deceive

Craven (n) (adj)…poltroon, recreant

.  An abject coward

.  Lacking even the rudiments of courage; abjectly fearful "the craven fellow turned and ran"; "a craven proposal to raise the white flag"

Daunt (v)…scare

.  Cause to lose courage

Default (n) (v)…nonpayment

.  Loss due to not showing up "he lost the game by default"

.  Act of failing to meet a financial obligation

.  An option that is selected automatically unless an alternative is specified

.  Fail to pay up

Deference (n)…complaisance, compliance

.  A courteous expression (by word or deed) of esteem or regard "his deference to her wishes was very flattering"

.  Courteous regard for people's feelings "in deference to your wishes"

.  A disposition or tendency to yield to the will of others

Delineate (v)…describe, limn

.  Determine the essential quality of

.  Trace the shape of

.  Describe in vivid detail

Denigrate (v)…belittle, defame

.  Charge falsely or with malicious intent; attack the good name and reputation of someone

Deride (v)…bemock

.  Treat or speak of with contempt "He derided his student's attempt to solve the biggest problem in mathematics"

Derivative (n) (adj)…differential

.  (Linguistics) a word that is derived from another word "'electricity' is a derivative of 'electric'"

.  The result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx

Desiccate (v)…dry up dehydrate

.  Preserve by removing all water and liquids from

.  Lacking vitality or spirit; lifeless "a desiccate romance"

Desultory (adj)…purposeless

.  Marked by lack of definite plan or regularity or purpose; jumping from one thing to another "desultory thoughts"; "the desultory conversation characteristic of cocktail parties"

Deterrent (n) (adj)…check, impediment

.  Something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress ‘Pakistan would sure have a minimum nuclear deterrent’

.  Tending to deter "the deterrent effects of high prices"

Diatribe (n)…fulmination, explosion

.  Thunderous verbal attack

.  The act of exploding with noise and violence "his diatribe frightened the horses"

Dichotomy (n)…duality

. Being twofold; a classification into two opposed parts or subclasses "the dichotomy between eastern and western culture"

Diffidence (n)…cowardice, self-doubt

.  Lack of self-confidence

Digression (n)…addition, deviation

.  A message that departs from the main subject

.  A turning aside (of your course or attention or concern) A turning aside (of your course or attention or concern)

.  Wandering from the main path of a journey

Dirge (n)…elegy, sad song

.  A song or hymn of mourning composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person

.  Requiem, coronach

Disabuse (v)…inform, educate

.  Free somebody (from an erroneous belief)

Discern (v)…distinguish, recognize

.  Detect with the senses

Discordant (adj)…inharmonic

.  Not in agreement or harmony "views discordant with present-day ideas"

Discredit (n) (v)…disgrace, disrepute

.  The state of being held in low esteem "your actions will bring discredit to your name"

.  Damage the reputation of "The paper discredited the politician with its nasty commentary"

.  Reject as false; refuse to accept

Discrepancy (n)…disagreement, variance

.  A difference between conflicting facts, claims, or opinions

.  An event that departs from expectations

Disseminate (v)…propagate, broadcast

.  Cause to become widely known

.  Disperse

Dissonance (n)…disagreement, noise

.  A conflict of people's opinions, actions, or characters

.  The auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience

Distend (v)…dilate

.  Become wider

.  Cause to expand as it by internal pressure "The gas distended the animal's body", "The distended bellies of the starving cows"

Distill (v)…purify, liquidify, drop

.  Remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation

.  Undergo condensation; change from a gaseous to a liquid state and fall in drops "The acid distills at a specific temperature"

.  Give off (a liquid) "The doctor distilled a few drops of disinfectant onto the wound"

Diverge (v)…depart, deviate

.  Move or draw apart "The two paths diverge here"

.  Have no limits as a mathematical series

Divest (v)…deprive, disinvest, undress

.  Take away possessions from someone

.  Deprive of status or authority "he was divested of his rights and his title"

.  Reduce or dispose of; cease to hold (an investment) "The Company decided to divest"; "the board of trustees divested $20 million in real estate property"

.  Remove (someone's or one's own) clothes "She divested herself of her outdoor clothes"

Document (v)…Record refer

.  Record in detail "The parents documented every step of their child's development"

.  Support or supply with references "Can you document your claims?"

Dogmatic (adj)…baseless

.  Characterized by arrogant assertion of unproved or unprovable principles

.  "Dogmatic writings"

Dormant (adj)…inactive, hibernating

.  Of e.g. volcanos; temporarily inactive "a dormant volcano"

.  Lying with head on paws as if sleeping

.  In a condition of biological rest or suspended animation "dormant buds"

.  Not active but capable of becoming active "her feelings of affection are dormant but easily awakened"

Dupe (n) (v)…fool, befool

.  A person who is tricked or swindled

.  Fool or hoax "The immigrant was duped because he trusted everyone"

Ebullient (adj)…jubilant

.  Joyously unrestrained

Eclectic (adj)…chosen

.  Selecting what seems best of various styles or ideas

Efficacy (n)…effectiveness

.  Capacity or power to produce a desired effect "concern about the safety and efficacy of the vaccine"

Effrontery (adj) (behaviour)

.  Audacious (even arrogant) behaviour that you have no right to

Elicit (v)…evoke, arouse

.  Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)

.  Deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning)

.  Derive by reason "elicit a solution"

Section 3

Embellish (v)…adorn, lard

.  Add details to

.  Be beautiful to look at

Empirical (adj)

.  Derived from experiment and observation rather than theory "an empirical basis for an ethical theory"; "empirical laws"; "empirical data"; "an empirical treatment of a disease about which little is known"

.  Relying on medical quackery

Emulate (v)…compete, copy, match

.  Strive to equal or match, especially by imitating "He is emulating the skating skills of his older sister"

.  Imitate the function of (another system), as by modifying the hardware or the software

.  Compete with successfully; approach or reach equality with "This artist’s drawings cannot emulate his water colours"

Endemic (adj)…local, native (not man)

.  Disease or plant (Of a specific location) "This disease/plant is an endemic found only this island" "diseases endemic to the tropics"; "endemic malaria"; "food shortages and starvation are endemic in certain parts of the world"

.  Originating where it is found "endemic folkways"

Enervate (v)…faze, unsettle

.  Weaken mentally or morally

.  Disturb the composure of

Ephemeral (adj)…transitory, fugacious

.  Enduring a very short time "the ephemeral joys of childhood"

Equanimity (n)…calm

.  Steadiness of mind under stress "he accepted their problems with composure and she with equanimity"

Equivocate (v)…palter, deceive

.  Be deliberately ambiguous or unclear in order to mislead or withhold information

.  Prevaricate

Esoteric (adj)…mystic

.  Confined to and understandable by only an enlightened inner circle "a compilation of esoteric philosophical theories"

Eulogy (n)…praise

.  A formal expression of praise

Euphemism (n)

.  An inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive

.  Opposite of Dysphemism

Exacerbate (v)…worsen, aggravate

.  Make worse

.  Exasperate or irritate

Exculpate (v)…acquit

.  Pronounce not guilty of criminal charges

.  Assoil

Exigency (n)…emergency

.  A pressing or urgent situation "the health-care exigency"

Extrapolation (n)…calculation, prediction

.  (mathematics) calculation of the value of a function outside the range of known values

.  An inference about the future (or about some hypothetical situation) based on known facts and observations

Facetious (adj)…bantering

.  Cleverly amusing in tone "facetious remarks"

Fallacy (n)…misconception

Fallacious (adj)…wrong (deliberately)

.  Containing or based on a fallacy "fallacious reasoning"

.  Intended to deceive "fallacious testimony"

.  Based on an incorrect or misleading notion or information "fallacious hope"

Fatuous (adj)…foolish

.  Complacently or inanely foolish

Fawning (n)…bootlicking

.  Attempting to win favour from influential people by flattery

Felicitous (adj)…happy, fortunate

.  Exhibiting an agreeably appropriate manner or style “a felicitous speaker"

.  Marked by good fortune “a felicitous life"

Fervour(n)…enthusiasm

.  The state of being emotionally aroused and worked up

.  Feelings of great warmth and intensity

Flag (v)…ease up

.  Become less intense

.  Decorate with flags

Fledging (adj) (V)…rearing, feathering

.  Feed, care for, and rear young birds for flight

.  Decorate with feathers "fledge an arrow"

.  Grow feathers "The young sparrows are fledging already"

Flout (v)…scoff, deride

.  Treat with contemptuous disregard "flout the rules"

.  Laugh at with contempt and derision

Foment (v)…agitate

.  Try to stir up public opinion

.  Bathe with warm water or medicated lotions "His legs should be fomented"

Forestall (v)…prevent, foresee (danger)

.  Keep from happening or arising; have the effect of preventing

.  Act in advance of; deal with ahead of time

Futile (adj)…vain, fruitless

.  Producing no result or effect "a futile effort"

.  Unproductive of success "futile years after her artistic peak"

Gainsay (v)…challenge, exception

.  Take exception to

Garrulous (adj)…talkative, gabby

.  Full of trivial conversation

Goad (n) (v)…stimulus (talk), spur

.  A pointed instrument used to prod into motion

.  A verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

.  Goad or provoke, as by constant criticism

Gouge (n) (v)…dent, force out

.  An edge tool with a blade like a trough for cutting channels or grooves

.  An impression in a surface (as made by a blow)

.  Force with the thumb "gouge out his eyes"

Grandiloquent (adj)…pompous

.  Lofty in style

.  Puffed up with vanity "a grandiloquent and boastful manner"

Gregarious (adj)…social

.  Tending to form a group with others of the same kind "gregarious bird species"; "man is a gregarious animal"

.  Seeking and enjoying the company of others “a gregarious person who avoids solitude"

Guileless (adj)…honest

.  Free of deceit

Gullible (adj)…deceivable

.  Naive and easily deceived or tricked "at that early age she had been gullible and in love"

.  Easily tricked because of being too trusting "gullible tourists taken in by the shell game"

Harangue (n)…rant

.  A loud bombastic declamation expressed with strong emotion

.  Deliver a harangue to; address forcefully

Homogenous (adj)…similar

.  All of the same or similar kind or nature

Hyperbole (n)…exaggeration

Iconoclast (n)…revolutionary rebel

.  Someone who tries to destroy traditional ideas or institutions

Idolatry (n)…devotion, idol worship

.  Religious zeal; willingness to serve God

.  The worship of idols; the worship of images that are not God

Immutable (adj)…changeless

.  Not subject or susceptible to change or variation in form or quality or nature "the view of that time was that all species were immutable, created by God"

Impair (v)…mar, spoil, vitiate

.  Make worse or less effective "His vision was impaired"

.  Make imperfect

Impassive (adj)…expressionless, stolid

.  Having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; not easily aroused or excited "her impassive remoteness"; "he remained impassive, showing neither interest in nor concern for our plight"

.  Deliberately impassive in manner

Impede (v)…block, hinder, obstruct

.  Be a hindrance or obstacle to "She is impeding the progress of our project"

.  Block passage through

Impermeable (adj)…tight, water-resistant

.  Preventing especially liquids to pass or diffuse through "impermeable stone"; "an impermeable layer of scum"; "a coat impermeable to rain"

Imperturbable (adj)…calm

.  Not easily perturbed or excited or upset; marked by extreme calm and composure "hitherto imperturbable, he now showed signs of alarm"; "an imperturbable self-possession"

Impervious (adj)…unyielding, uncompromising

.  Not admitting of passage or capable of being affected "a material impervious to water"; "someone impervious to argument"

Implacable (adj)…stern, grim(person)

.  Impossible to placate "an implacable enemy"

Implicit (adj)…drawn, resulted

.  Implied though not directly expressed; inherent in the nature of something "an implicit agreement not to raise the subject"; "there was implicit criticism in his voice"; "anger was implicit in the argument"; "the oak is implicit in the acorn"

.  Being without doubt or reserve "implicit trust"

Explicit (adj)…clear, naked

.  Precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable; leaving nothing to implication "explicit instructions"; "she made her wishes explicit"; "explicit sexual scenes"

Section 4

Implode (v)…go off

.  Burst inward "The bottle imploded" “the carbonated water implodes when you shake it”

Explode (v)…blow up, destroy, anger

.  Burst outward, usually with noise "The champagne bottle exploded"

.  Show a violent emotional reaction "The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary"

Inadvertently (adv)…unknowingly

.  Without knowledge or intention

Advertently (adv)…mindfully

.  In a careful, deliberate manner

Inchoate (adj)…imperfect, incipient

.  Only partly in existence; imperfectly formed "a vague inchoate idea" "inchoative stages"

Incongruity (n)…incompatibility, clash

.  The quality of disagreeing; being unsuitable and inappropriate

Incorporate (v)…fuse, merge, integrate

.  Make into a whole or make part of a "She incorporated his suggestions into her proposal"

.  Include or contain; have as a component

.  Unite or merge with something already in existence "incorporate this document with those pertaining to the same case"

Indeterminate (adj)…undetermined

.  Not precisely determined or established; not fixed or known in advance "of indeterminate age"; "a zillion is a large indeterminate number"; "an indeterminate point of law"; "the influence of environment is indeterminate"; "an indeterminate future"

.  Having a capacity for continuing to grow at the apex "an indeterminate stem"

Indigence (n)…beggary, pauperism, penury

.  A state of extreme poverty or destitution "their indigence appalled him"

Appall (v)…shock

.  Struck with fear, dread, or consternation

.  Strike with disgust or revulsion

.  Fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised

Consternation (n)…alarm, dismay

.  Fear resulting from the awareness of danger

Indolent (adj)…lazy, fainéant

.  Disinclined to work or exertion "an indolent hanger-on"

.  Of tumors e.g.; slow to heal or develop and usually painless "an indolent ulcer"; "leprosy is an indolent infectious disease"

Inert (adj)…sluggish, irresponsive, phlegmatic, neutral

.  Unable to move or resist motion

.  Having only a limited ability to react chemically; not active "inert matter"

.  Slow and apathetic "she was fat and inert"

Ingenuous (adj)…artless, innocent

.  Characterized by an inability to mask your feelings; not devious "an ingenuous admission of responsibility"

.  Lacking in sophistication or worldliness "his ingenuous explanation that he would not have burned the church if he had not thought the bishop was in it"

Inherent (adj)…integral, inborn, underlying, congenital

.  Existing as an essential constituent or characteristic

.  Present at birth but not necessarily hereditary; acquired during foetal development

.  In the nature of something though not readily apparent "shortcomings inherent in our approach"

Innocuous (adj)…harmless

.  Not injurious to physical or mental health

.  Not causing disapproval "it was an innocuous remark"; "confined himself to innocuous generalities"

Insinuate (v)…intimate declare

.  Introduce or insert (oneself) in a subtle manner "He insinuated himself into the conversation of the people at the nearby table"

.  Give to understand "I insinuated that I did not like his wife"

Insipid (adj)…tasteless, stale, bland

.  Lacking taste or flavour or tang "insipid hospital food"

.  Lacking significance or impact "an insipid novel"

.  Lacking interest or significance "an insipid personality"

insularity (n)…detachment, narrow-mindedness

.  The state of being isolated or detached

Intractable (adj)…stubborn,

.  Not tractable; difficult to manage or mould "an intractable disposition"; "intractable pain"; "the most intractable issue of our era"; "intractable metal"

Intransigence (n)…noncooperation

.  The trait of being intransigent; stubbornly refusing to compromise

Inundate(v)… flood, deluge

.  Fill quickly beyond capacity; as with a liquid "the basement was inundated after the storm"

.  Fill or cover completely, usually with water

Inured (adj)…hardened

.  Made tough by habitual exposure "a peasant, dark, lean-faced, wind-inured"; "our successors...may be graver, more inured and equable men"

.  "He was inured to the cold"

Understand (v)…interpret

Make sense of; assign a meaning to

Invective (adj)…abusive (criticism)

Abusive or venomous language used to express blame, censure, or bitter deep-seated ill will

Irascible (adj)…short-tempered

Quickly aroused to anger

Characterized by anger "an irascible response"

Itinerary (n)…route, travel plan

An established line of travel or access

Laconic (adj)…curt

Brief and to the point; effectively cut short "the laconic reply; 'yes'"

Lassitude (n)…lethargy, languor

.  A state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness

.  A feeling of lack of interest or energy

Latent (adj)… inactive, possible

.  Potentially existing but not presently evident or realized "a latent fingerprint"; "latent talent"

.  Not presently active "latent infection"; "latent diabetes"

Laud (v)…praise, glorify, honour

Levee (n)…dam, dyke

.  A barrier constructed to contain the flow of water or to keep out the sea

Levity (n)…frivolity

.  Feeling an inappropriate lack of seriousness

.  Lightness of manner

Log (n) (v) lumber, logarithm

.  A segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches

.  The exponent required to produce a given number

.  Piece of wood

.  A written record of messages sent or received "they kept a log of all transmission by the radio station"; "an email log"

.  Measuring instrument that consists of a float that trails from a ship by a knotted line in order to measure the ship's speed through the water

.  Enter into a log, as on ships and planes

.  Cut lumber, as in woods and forests

Loquacious (adj)…garrulous, talkative  

.  Full of trivial conversation

Lucid (adj)…clear

.  Clear in speaking, thinking and expression "lucid directions" "a lucid moment in his madness" "a lucid thinker"

Luminous (adj)…shining,

.  Softly bright or radiant "a sky luminous with stars"

Magnanimity (n)…openhandedness, generosity

.  Liberality in bestowing gifts; extremely liberal and generous of spirit

Malingerer (n)…shirker, shammer

.  Someone shirking their duty by feigning illness or incapacity

Malleable (adj)…pliable

.  Easily influenced

.  Capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out "malleable metals such as gold"

Maverick (n) (adj)…irregular, rebel, eccentric

.  Someone who exhibits great independence in thought and action

.  An unbranded range animal (especially a stray calf); belongs to the first person who puts a brand on it

.  Independent in behaviour or thought "maverick politicians"

Mendacious (adj)…false

.  Given to lying "a mendacious child"

.  Intentionally untrue "a mendacious statement"

Metamorphosis (n)…change, transfiguration

.  The marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals

.  A striking change in appearance or character or circumstances "the metamorphosis of the old house into something new and exciting"

.  A complete change of physical form or substance especially as by magic or witchcraft

Meticulous (adj)…punctilious

.  Marked by precise accordance with details "meticulous research"

.  Marked by extreme care in treatment of details "a meticulous craftsman"; "almost worryingly meticulous in his business formalities"

Misanthrope (n)…hateful

.  Someone who dislikes people in general

Philanthropist (n)…humanist, altruist, loving

.  Someone who makes charitable donations intended to increase human well-being

Mollify (v)…assuage, pacify

.  Cause to be more favourably inclined; gain the good will of "She managed to mollify the angry customer"

.  Make less rigid or softer

Morose (adj)…sullen

.  Showing a brooding ill humour "a morose and unsociable manner"

Mundane (adj)…everyday, routine

.  Found in the ordinary course of events "mundane affairs" "not a fairy palace; yet a mundane wonder of unimagined kind"

Section 5

Negate (v) nullify, contradict

.  Be in contradiction with

.  Make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of "This action will negate the effect of my efforts"

Neophyte (n)…newcomer, entrant

.  A plant that is found in an area where it had not been recorded previously

.  Any new participant in some activity

.  A new convert being taught the principles of Christianity by a catechist

Obdurate (adj)…stubborn, unrepentant

.  Stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing

Showing unfeeling resistance to tender feelings "the child's misery would move even the most obdurate heart"

Obsequious (adj)…fawning, flattering

.  Attempting to win favour from influential people by flattery

.  Attentive in an ingratiating or servile manner "obsequious shop assistants"

Obviate (v)…eliminate, avoid

.  Do away with

.  Prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening

Occlude (v)…block

.  Block passage through

Officious (adj)…meddlesome

.  Intrusive in a meddling or offensive manner "bustling about self-importantly making an officious nuisance of himself"

Onerous (adj)…burdensome, taxing

.  Not easily borne; wearing "my duties weren't onerous; I only had to greet the guests"

Oscillate (v)…vacillate, hover

.  Be undecided about something; waver between conflicting positions or courses of action "He oscillates between accepting the new position and retirement

.  Move or swing from side to side regularly "the needle on the meter was oscillating"

Ostentatious (adj)…inviting, pretentious

.  Intended to attract notice and impress others "an ostentatious sable coat"

.  (of a display) tawdry or vulgar

Paragon (n)…ideal, perfection

.  An ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept

Partisan (n) (adj)…supporter,

.  An ardent and enthusiastic supporter of some person or activity

.  Devoted to a cause or party

Pathological (adj)…diseased, morbid

.  Of or relating to the practice of pathology "pathological laboratory"

.  Caused by or evidencing a mentally disturbed condition "a pathological liar"; "a pathological urge to succeed"

Paucity (n)…dearth

.  An insufficient quantity or number

Pedantic (n)…academic, donnish

.  Marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects

Penchant (adj)…taste, preference

.  A strong liking "the Irish have a penchant for blarney (flattery)"

Penury (n)…indigence, pauperism

.  A state of extreme poverty or destitution

Perennial (adj)…repeated, repeated

.  Lasting three seasons or more "the common buttercup is a popular perennial plant"

.  Lasting an indefinitely long time; suggesting self-renewal "perennial happiness” "perennial efforts to stipulate the requirements"

Perfidious (adj)…treacherous

.  Tending to betray; especially having a treacherous character as attributed to the Carthaginians by the Romans "the perfidious Judas"

Perfunctory (n)…hasty, casual

.  Hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough “a perfunctory inspection failed to reveal the house's structural flaws"; "perfunctory courtesy"

.  As a formality only

Permeable (adj)…porous, pervious, leaky

.  Allowing fluids or gases to pass or diffuse through "permeable membranes"; "rock that is permeable by water"

Pervasive (adj)…penetrating, permeant

.  Spreading or spread throughout "the pervasive odour of garlic"; "an error is pervasive if it is material to more than one conclusion"

Phlegmatic (adj)…uninterested, irresponsive

.  Showing little emotion "a phlegmatic...and certainly undemonstrative man"

Piety (n)…piousness

.  Righteousness by virtue of being pious

Placate (v)…assuage, mollify

.  Cause to be more favourably inclined; gain the good will of

Plasticity (n)…malleability, mouldability

.  The property of being physically malleable; the property of something that can be worked or hammered or shaped without breaking

Platitude (n)…banality

.  A trite or obvious remark

Plethora (n)…overplus, excess

.  Extreme excess

Plummet (v)…drop, fall, plumb bob

.  Drop sharply "The stock market plummeted"

.  The metal bob of a plumb line

Pragmatic (adj) (n)…practical

.  Concerned with practical matters "a pragmatic approach to the problem" "not ideology but pragmatic politics"

.  An imperial decree that becomes part of the fundamental law of the land

Preamble (n) (v)…preface,

.  A preliminary introduction to a statute or constitution (usually explaining its purpose)

Precarious (adj)…careful, perilous, shaky

.  Affording no ease or reassurance "a precarious truce"

.  Fraught with danger "the precarious life of an undersea diver"

Precipitate (adj)…hasty

.  Done with very great haste and without due deliberation "wondered whether they had been rather precipitate in deposing the king"

Precursor (n)…forerunner, herald

.  A substance from which another substance is formed (especially by a metabolic reaction)

.  A person who goes before or announces the coming of another

Presumptuous (adj)… assumptive

.  Excessively forward, "the duchess would not put up with presumptuous servants"

Prevaricate (v)…equivocate, palter

.  Be deliberately ambiguous or unclear in order to mislead or withhold information

Pristine (n)…pure, clean

.  Completely free from dirt or contamination "pristine mountain snow"

.  Immaculately clean and unused "handed her his pristine white handkerchief"

Probity (n)…integrity

.  Complete and confirmed integrity; having strong moral principles "in a world where financial probity may not be widespread"; "he enjoys an exaggerated reputation for probity"

Prodigal (adj)…extravagant

.  Recklessly wasteful "prodigal in their expenditures"

Profound (adj)…heavy, deep

.  Showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth "the differences are profound"; "a profound insight"; "a profound book"; "a profound mind"; "profound contempt"; "profound regret"

.  Of the greatest intensity; complete "a profound silence"; "a state of profound shock"

.  "Profound social changes"

Prohibitive (adj)… discouraging

.  "The price was prohibitive"

Proliferate (v)…multiply grow

.  Grow rapidly "Pizza parlours proliferate in this area" "We must not proliferate nuclear arms"

Propensity (n)…tendency

.  A natural inclination

.  A disposition to behave in a certain way "the propensity of disease to spread"

Propitiate (v)…appease

.  Make peace with

Propriety (n)…properness

.  Correct or appropriate behaviour

Pro rata (adv)… proportionate

.  In proportion

Proscribe (v)…prohibit

.  Command against

Pungent (adj)…acrid, biting

.  Strong and sharp "the pungent taste of radishes"

.  Capable of wounding "pungent satire"

Quibble (v) (n)…conceal (in speaking)

.  Evade the truth of a point or question by raising irrelevant objections

.  Argue over petty things "Let's not quibble over pennies"

.  An evasion of the point of an argument by raising irrelevant distinctions or objections

Quiescent (adj)…inactive, dormant

.  Not active or activated

.  Marked by a state of tranquil repose "the quiescent melancholy of the town"

.  (pathology) causing no symptoms "a quiescent tumour"

Section 6

Rarefied (adj)…attenuated, elevated

.  Having low density "lightheaded from the rarefied mountain air"

.  Of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

Recalcitrate (v)…fight, oppose

.  Show strong objection or repugnance; manifest vigorous opposition or resistance; be obstinately disobedient "The Democratic senators recalcitrated against every proposal from the Republican side"

Recalcitrant (adj)…resistant(people, move)

.  Stubbornly resistant to authority or control "the University suspended the most recalcitrant demonstrators

Recant (v)…resile, retract

.  Formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure

Recluse (n)(adj)…hermit, solitary

.  One who lives in solitude

Recondite (adj)…abstruse

.  Difficult to penetrate; incomprehensible to one of ordinary understanding or knowledge "some recondite problem in historiography"

Refute (v)…controvert, negate

.  Overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof "The speaker refuted his opponent's arguments"

.  Prove to be false or incorrect

Relegate (v)…refer, demote, banish, classify

.  Refer to another person for decision or judgment "She likes to relegate difficult questions to her colleagues"

.  Assign to a lower position; reduce in rank

.  Expel, as if by official decree

.  Assign to a class or kind "People argue about how to relegate certain mushrooms"

Reproach (n) (v)…upbraid

.  A mild rebuke or criticism "words of reproach"

.  Disgrace or shame "he brought reproach upon his family"

.  Express criticism towards "The president reproached the general for his irresponsible behaviour"

Reprobate (n) (v) (adj)… miscreant, condemn, perverse,

.  A person without moral scruples

.  Abandon to eternal damnation "God reprobated the unrepentant sinner"

.  Deviating from what is considered moral, right, proper, or good "the reprobate conduct of a gambling aristocrat"

Repudiate (v)…disown

.  Cast off "The parents repudiated their son"

.  Refuse to acknowledge, ratify, or recognize as valid "The woman repudiated the divorce settlement"

Rescind (v)…annul

.  Cancel officially

Resolution (n) firmness, solution

.  A formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

.  The trait of being resolute

.  Something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making "they never did achieve a final resolution of their differences"

.  A statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem

.  A decision to do something or to behave in a certain manner

.  The subsidence of swelling or other signs of inflammation (especially in a lung)

.  The ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together

Resolve (v)…decide, adjudicate

.  Bring to an end; settle conclusively

.  Make clearly visible

Reticent (n) (adj)…reserve (person), untalkative

.  Temperamentally disinclined to talk

.  Cool and formal in manner

Reverent (n) (adj)…godly, worshipful

.  Feeling or showing profound respect or veneration "maintained a reverent silence"

.  Showing great reverence for god

Sage (n) (adj)…wise, salvia

.  A mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

.  Aromatic fresh or dried grey-green leaves used widely as seasoning for meats etc “sage-green”

.  Having wisdom that comes with age and experience

Salubrious (adj)…healthful

.  Promoting health; healthful "the salubrious mountain air and water" "not the most salubrious campsite"; "one of the less salubrious suburbs"

Sanction (n) (v)…warrant, approve

.  Formal and explicit approval "it had the sanction of the church"

.  Give authority or permission to

Satiate (n) (adj)…stuff overeat

.  Overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself

.  Supplied (especially fed) to satisfaction

Saturate (v)…impregnate

.  Cause (a chemical compound, vapour, solution, magnetic material) to unite with the greatest possible amount of another substance

.  Infuse or fill completely

Savor (v)…taste, relish

.  Derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

.  Taste appreciatively "savor the soup"

Secrete (v)…release

.  Generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids "secrete digestive juices"

.  Place out of sight; keep secret "The money was secreted from his children"

Shard (n)…fragment

.  A broken piece of a brittle artifact

Skeptic (n)…doubter

Someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefs

Solicitous (adj)…concerned

.  Full of anxiety and concern "solicitous parents"; "solicitous about the future" "solicitous about her health"; "made solicitous inquiries about our family"

Soporific (adj)…narcotic, sedative,

.  Sleep inducing

.  A drug that induces sleep

Specious (adj)…feigning, false

.  Plausible but false "a specious claim"

.  Based on pretence; deceptively pleasing

Spectrum (n)…array, range, scope

.  An ordered array of the components of an emission or wave

.  A broad range of related objects, values, qualities, ideas, or activities

Sporadic (adj)…irregular, unpredictable

.  Recurring in scattered and irregular or unpredictable instances, "a city subjected to sporadic bombing raids"

Stigma (n)…brand, mark, stain

.  The apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil

.  A symbol of disgrace or infamy

.  A skin lesion that is a diagnostic sign of some disease

Apical (adj)…top

.  Situated at an apex

Stint (n) (v)…stretch (time), scant

.  An unbroken period of time during which you do something "her stint as a lifeguard exhausted her"

.  An American shore bird (sand piper)

.  Subsist on a meagre allowance

.  Supply sparingly and with restricted quantities

Stipulate (v)…condition, specify

.  Specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement The will stipulates that she can live in the house for the rest of her life"; "The contract stipulates the dates of the payments"

.  Give a guarantee or promise of

.  "They stipulated to release all the prisoners"

Stolid (adj)…impassive

.  Having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; not easily aroused or excited "a silent stolid creature who took it all as a matter of course"; "her face showed nothing but stolid indifference"

Striated (adj)…marked

.  Mark with striae or striations

Striae(n)…bands, signs

.  Any of a number of tiny parallel grooves such as the scratches left by a glacier on rocks or the streaks or ridges in muscle tissue

.  A stripe or stripes of contrasting colour

Strut (v)…prance

.  To walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others "He struts around like a rooster in a hen house"

Subpoena (n) (v)…summons,

.  A writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court

.  Serve or summon with a subpoena "The witness and her records were subpoenaed"

Subside (v)…lessen settle

.  Wear off or die down "The pain subsided"

.  Sink down or precipitate "the mud subsides when the waters become calm"

Substantiate (v)… Solidify, firm, or strengthen

.  Establish or strengthen, as with new evidence or facts “The painting substantiates the feelings of the artist” The president’s trip will substantiate good relations with the former enemy country

Supersede (v)…replace

.  Take the place or move into the position of

Supposition (n)…assumption, surmise

.  A message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

Surmise (v)…suspect, guess

.  Infer from incomplete evidence, "I surmised that the butler did it"

Tacit (adj)… silent, understood

.  Implied by or inferred from actions or statements "a tacit agreement"

Tangential (adj)…digressive

.  Of superficial relevance if any "a tangential remark"

Digressive (adj)…rambling

.  "A digressive allusion to the day of the week"

.  (Of e.g. speech and writing) tending to depart from the main point or cover a wide range of subjects "amusingly digressive with satirical thrusts at women's fashions among other things"

Tenuous (adj)…thin

.  Having thin consistency "a tenuous fluid"

.  Very thin in gauge or diameter "a tenuous thread"

.  Lacking substance or significance "a tenuous argument"

Tirade (n)

.  A speech of violent denunciation (speak against)

Torpor (n)…coma, senselessness, torpidity

.  A state of motor and mental inactivity with a partial suspension of sensibility "he fell into a deep torpor"

.  Inactivity resulting from lethargy and lack of vigour or energy

Section 7

Tortuous (adj)…convoluted, irritating

.  Highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious "tortuous legal procedures"; "tortuous negotiations lasting for months"

Tractable (adj)…amendable

.  Easily managed (controlled, taught, or moulded) "tractable young minds"; "The natives...being...of an intelligent tractable disposition"

Transgression (n)…violation

.  The act of transgressing; the violation of a law or a duty or moral principle "the boy was punished for the transgressions of his father"

Truculence (n)…aggressiveness

.  Defiant aggressiveness

Vacillate (V)…waver, oscillate

.  Be undecided about something; waver between conflicting positions or courses of action

.  Move or sway in a rising and falling or wavelike pattern "the line on the monitor vacillated"

Venerate (v)…rever, respect

.  Regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of "We venerate genius"

Veracious (adj)…right, truthful

.  Habitually speaking the truth "a veracious witness"

.  Precisely accurate "a veracious account"

Voracious (adj)…greedy, hungry, wolfish

.  Excessively greedy and grasping "paying taxes to voracious governments"

.  Devouring or craving food in great quantities "voracious sharks"

Verbose (adj)…wordy

.  Using or containing too many words "verbose speakers"; "verbose and ineffective instructional methods"

Viable (adj)…feasible, executable

.  Capable of being done with means at hand and circumstances as they are

.  Capable of life or normal growth and development "viable seeds"; "a viable foetus"

Viscous (adj)… sticky, thick

.  Having a relatively high resistance to flow

.  Having the sticky properties of an adhesive

Vituperative (adj)…abusive

.  Harshly abusive criticism

Rail (v)…object

.  Complain bitterly

.  Convey (goods etc.) by rails

Volatile (adj)…explosive, sickle

.  Evaporating readily at normal temperatures and pressures "volatile oils"; "volatile solvents"

.  Marked by erratic changeableness in affections or attachments "a flirt's volatile affections"

Warranted(adj)…justified, guaraneed

.  Show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for "The emergency does not warrant all of us buying guns"

wary(adj)…keen, distrustful

.  Marked by keen caution and watchful prudence "they were wary in their movements"; "a wary glance at the black clouds"; "taught to be wary of strangers"

.  Openly distrustful and unwilling to confide

GENERAL COMMONLY USED

BULLY (n) (adj) (V)…ruffian, boss, browbeat

o An uncultured, aggressive, rude, noisy troublemaker

o A person who deliberately intimidates or is cruel to weaker people

o Be bossy towards "Her big brother always bullied her when she was young"

o Discourage or frighten with threats or a domineering manner; intimidate

To be continued...

Wednesday, April 16, 2014